OPTIMIZING PPKN LEARNING WITH THE QUESTION-BASED LEARNING METHOD TO DEVELOP DEMOCRATIC VALUES

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify what democratic values are appliedin PPKn, the factors that hinder the application of these values, and howdemocratic values are applied in PPKn. This study uses a question-basedlearning approach. In this study, a qualitative approach is used, and thetype of qualitative research used is descriptive. Literature study is the datacollection method used. To obtain validity in the data, the analysistechnique uses triangulation techniques. The types of data analysis used inthis study are reduction, display, and verification. The results of the studyshow that (1) the principles of democracy, which consist of tolerance,cooperation, responsibility, and deliberation to reach consensus, haveexisted for a long time in Middle Schools. (2) Factors that hinder theapplication of these values include students who violate school rules aswell as groups of inactive and active students. (3) The survey method isused to apply democratic values to the PPKn subject. Due to timeconstraints in teaching and learning activities, students lack confidence andfeel embarrassed when asked to present in front of the class, and studentscannot learn independently, PPKn teachers cannot implement learningusing the question method.